I did try to start PICO-8 from console on a 32Bit debian linux, but failed on different PCs which havent installed a desktop-environment (on a 32bit installation with desktop-environment PICO-8 does start).

libsdl2-2.0-0 is as package installed.

I want to start PICO-8 like on my Raspberry Pi from the Framebuffer-Console.

I tested the follwoing commands:

dmesg:
[ 17.824130] fbcon: inteldrmfb (fb0) is primary device
[ 18.877747] i915 0000:00:02.0: fb0: inteldrmfb frame buffer device

dpkg -l|grep -i sdl
libsdl2-2.0-0:i386 2.0.9+dfsg1-1 i386 Simple DirectMedia Layer

./pico8_32bit_dyn
SDL Error: No available video device
** FATAL ERROR: Unable to initialize SDL

export SDL_FBDEV=/dev/fb0
export SDL_VIDEODRIVER=fbcon

./pico8_32bit_dyn
SDL Error: fbcon not available
** FATAL ERROR: Unable to initialize SDL

./pico8_32bit
SDL Error: fbcon not available
** FATAL ERROR: Unable to initialize SDL

I also got the same error on a 64Bit Ubuntu with the 64Bit version of PICO-8 where is also only libsdl2 and no desktop environment installed.

Is linux missung a OpenGL part like the Raspberry Pi has?

On a 600Mhz Celeron ULV (with 1GB Ram) I installed the LX-Desktop (LXDE).
And inside the LX-Terminal I can start PICO-8 - but not from console only.
On the 600Mhz Celeron PICO-8 takes about 24-46% of the CPU for itself ;)
But from the 1GB the LXDE takes only 276MB incl. running PICO-8 :)

It is possible that the libsdl you have is not compiled with framebuffer support; I have seen articles explaining how to build and install a custom libsdl on raspberry pi, but that being the right solution depends on your specific OS versions and screen type.

I did try to compile for Linux x86, but fbcon doesnt seems to be supported by sdl2 anymore, because they didnt know the argument (unknown option):
--enable-video-fbcon

For the Raspberry Pi I hadnt to compile SDL.
With the RPi Zero I did use the legacy version out of raspi-config and with a RPi3 I used one of the newer options and it worked right out of the box ;)

I think fbcon is only for sdl 1.2, in version 2 we have directfb. Last week I installed pico8 to a raspberry pi zero (console environment, no graphical package installed) connected to a medium screen with HDMI; ran 'pico8' (statically-linked version, except for wiringpi) without any environment variables: pico8 started! Graphics, sound and keyboard work out of the box, mouse does not.

On my main laptop I run pico8_dyn on debian 64-bit and libsdl2 is the only SDL lib needed.
Just tried running in a virtual console: pico8_dyn segfaults, pico8 reports no available video driver.

(btw it could be nice to edit the original message to remove all the bold)

With pico8 0.2.1 on a Raspberry Pi 4, you just need to run the pico8_dyn executable (instead of pico8) and it works.